DISCRIMINANT ANALYSIS OF NATION BRANDS 2022 IN TERMS OF MILITARY INVASION OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN UKRAINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35774/jee2022.03.242Keywords:
Nation brands, discriminant model, military invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, soft power, hard power, geopolitical risks.Abstract
To ensure effective competition for global resources, countries around the world are creating an international image (nation brands), on which their influence in the international arena depends. This brand is influenced by politics, governance and socio-economic development. The attractiveness of nation brands is a necessary condition for the competitiveness of the state. Based on the components of a significant measure of a country’s positive reputation of the Global Soft Power Index (GSPI) 2022 for 120 countries, a discriminant model was built to determine the significant factors that affect the level of perception of the state’s competitiveness and assess geopolitical risks.
JEL: F51, D74, O57.
References
Al Jazeera. (2022, Feb, 24). World reacts to Russia’s attack on Ukraine. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/2/24/world-reaction-putin-ordersmilitary-operation-in-ukraine
Batóg, J., & Dmytrów, K. (2018). An econometric analysis of capital productivity in the European Union [in Polish]. Cracow Review of Economics and Management, 11(971), 61-73. https://doi.org/10.15678/ZNUEK.2017.0971.1104
Berezka, K., & Kovalchuk, O. (2019). Modelling factors connected with the effect of international migration for security and economy. Econometrics, Econometria. Advances in Applied Data Analysis, 23(4), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.15611/eada.2019.4.03
Boedeker, P., & Kearns, N. T. (2019). Linear discriminant analysis for prediction of group membership: A user-friendly primer. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 2(3), 250–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/2515245919849378
Bown, C. P. (2022, Sep 16). Russia’s war on Ukraine: A sanctions timeline. Peterson Institute for International Economics. https://www.piie.com/blogs/realtime-economic-issues-watch/russias-war-ukraine-sanctions-timeline
Brand Finance (2022). Global Soft Power Index 2022. https://brandirectory.com/softpower/
Chumachenko, D., & Chumachenko, T. (2022). Impact of war on the dynamics of COVID-19 in Ukraine. BMJ Global Health, 7(4), e009173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2022-009173
Dickie, G., & Afanasieva, D. (2022, Apr 11). Ukraine conflict hurts Russian science, as West pulls funding. Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/lifestyle/science/ukraineconflict-hurts-russian-science-west-pulls-funding-2022-04-10/
Kovalchuk, O. (2017). Mathematical modeling of sustainable development. Monograph [in Ukrainian]. TNEU.
Kovalchuk, O., & Masonkova, M. (2018). Big data technologies in big political game. In L. B. Petryshyn & P. Lebkovskyi (Eds.), Proceedings of the Young Scientists Conference CSYSC-2018 (pp. 109-110). Vasyl Stefanyk Precarpathian National University. http://lib.pnu.edu.ua/files/konferensions/csysc2018.pdf
Kovalchuk, O., & Masonkova, M. (2019). Safety risks of global climate change. Molodyi Vchenyi, 4(68), 324–329. http://molodyvcheny.in.ua/files/journal/2019/4/73.pdf
Kovalchuk, O., Shynkaryk, M., Masonkova, M., & Banakh, S. (2020). Cybersecurity: Technology vs safety. In 2020 10th International Conference on Advanced Computer Information Technologies ACIT’2020: Conference Proceedings (pp. 765–768). The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIT49673.2020.9208951
Kıyağan, A. (2022, Apr 6). Over 330 Russian diplomats expelled from Europe since Russia-Ukraine war started. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/russia-ukraine-war/over-330-russian-diplomats-expelled-from-europesince-russia-ukraine-war-started/2556725
Létourneau, E. (2022, Mar). Russia’s war against Ukraine and the impact on art and culture. ArtsHelp. https://www.artshelp.com/russia-ukraine-arts-andculture/
Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine, & Ministry of Internal Affairs of Ukraine. (n.d.). Russia’s War Crimes. War in Ukraine. https://war.ukraine.ua/russiawar-crimes/
Opryshchenko, A. (2022, Apr 11). Russian Federation has been waging wars throughout all its history – Always insidiously and vilely. Zaborona.https://zaborona.com/interactive/russias-wars-en/
Pankieiev, O. (2022, Mar 30). How Russia’s unanswered propaganda led to the war in Ukraine. The Conversation. https://theconversation.com/howrussias-unanswered-propaganda-led-to-the-war-in-ukraine-180202
Pestova, A., Mamonov, M., & Ongena, S. (2022, Apr 15). The price of war: Macroeconomic effects of the 2022 sanctions on Russia. Centre for Economic Policy Research. https://voxeu.org/article/macroeconomic-effects-2022-sanctions-russia
Tidy, J. (2022, Mar 22). The three Russian cyber-attacks the West most fears. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-60841924
TVP WORLD. (2022, Apr 11). Smolensk Air Disaster a result of unlawful interference: investigation report. https://tvpworld.com/59571619/smolensk-airdisaster-a-result-of-unlawful-interference-investigation-report
Zadorozhnii, O. V. (2016). МН17 tragedy: Russia is not involved, really?. Actual Problems of International Relations, 129, 47-64. https://doi.org/10.17721/apmv.2016.129.0.47-64
Stanimir, A. (2020a). Generation Y on labour market – Perception of work values and quality of job. International Journal of Economic Sciences, 9(1), 202–223. https://doi.org/10.20472/ES.2020.9.1.011
Stanimir, A. (2020b). Methods of a multivariate analysis of non-metric data in evaluating the generational perception of social characteristics. Folia Oeconomica Stetinensia, 20(1), 390-407. https://doi.org/10.2478/foli-2020-0023
Taylor, A., & Neff, W. (2022, Sep 23). Why the world is so worried about Russia’s ‘tactical’ nuclear weapons. The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/03/29/why-world-is-soworried-about-russias-tactical-nuclear-weapons/
World Economic Forum. (2022). The Global Risks Report 2022, 17th Edition. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Global_Risks_Report_2022.pdf
Received: July 23, 2022.
Reviewed: August 15, 2022.
Accepted: August 29, 2022.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).